Several actuator prototypes have been already designed, fabricated, and implemented on building-scale facades. We are currently working on the optimisation of the design of the soft actuator by coupling mathematical modelling and optimisation of the actuator kinematics with the finite element method (FEM) modelling, fabrication of prototypes, and testing the prototypes to compare them with the developed theoretical models. All testing setups (pressure-deflection, stress-strain, repeatability) are developed and ready to use. Currently, we also explore the scaling of soft actuators and we are developing a software for automated shape generation of soft actuators given the boundary conditions for certain applications, such as scaling up for soft-robotics solar tracking for conventional PV modules or other building related applications, or scaling down of soft actuators for producing miniature soft-robotic manipulators. We are looking for motivated students to support our research. Background in robotics, mathematical modeling, and mathematical optimisation is beneficial, but not necessary. Previous experience or willingness to work with finite element method (FEM) software (e.g. ABAQUS) is required. Knowledge of Matlab or Python is required. A semester or master thesis in the domain of soft robotics can create a great opportunity for a student to apply for PhD positions at several groups around the world doing very exciting work in the domain of soft robotics.

The goal of the thesis is to develop a Matlab or Python program which, for given actuator's output forces and range, suggests an optimal actuator design based on the results of FEM simulation in Abaqus and predefined actuator's bellow-ilke geometry. The algorithm will be used to explore scaling up and down of the current two-axis soft robotic actuator for different building applications in mind, but also as a general tool for Soft Robotics community. It will be possible to fabricate soft robots and test them with the available test setups to compare the results with the theoretical models.

Bratislav Svetozarevic, svetozarevic@arch.ethz.ch MSc. El. Eng., PhD candidate Chair of Architecture and Building Systems Institut of Technology in Architecture (ITA) ETH Zurich / Building HIB / Floor EO Stefano-Franscini-Platz 1 CH-8093 Zurich Phone +41 44 633 79 29 http://systems.arch.ethz.ch

The last decade saw a vast diffusion of renewable energy (RE) technologies. This diffusion was fueled by policies which reduced the market risks of these technologies and/or improved their profitability. The success story of RE technologies is likely to render these policies obsolete within the next years exposing RE technology operators to market forces. The phase-out of support policies will have major implications for RE technology operators since the most prominent RE technologies, wind and solar PV, are not dispatchable and lack the possibility to optimize yield through improved dispatch strategies. Most RE technology operators therefore need to diversify their portfolio in order to maintain their profit and hedge their investments against volatile market prices and weather conditions. In general, RE technology operators can diversify their portfolio on a geographical and on a technological dimension. The benefits of either dimension are, however, underexplored so far. This master thesis should shed light on the question what is the impact of regional and technological diversification on risk and return of RE-based generation portfolios. The thesis shall apply modern portfolio theory and evaluate the risk and return characteristics of portfolios composed of different technologies such as wind, solar PV, biomass and demand response at different locations within Germany. The quantitative model build within the scope of this thesis will enable a better understanding of the pressing issues of firms within the power sector and will provide important recommendations for both firms and policy makers. The student’s main tasks will comprise (preliminary): - Perform a literature review on studies that investigate the performance of power technology portfolios - Develop a model that evaluates the economic performance of RE-based generation technology portfolios - Define meaningful scenarios and analyze the sensitivity of the model parameters - Reflect on modeling results and derive implications for theory and practice The thesis will provide the basis for a publication in a peer-reviewed journal and may be presented to a larger audience at international conferences. We are looking for an excellent student who is highly motivated and is able to work independently. Strong communication and project management skills are essential. Background knowledge of the energy sector and modern portfolio theory, as well as modelling experience with Matlab or similar software are important assets. The Group for Sustainability and Technology (SusTec, www.sustec.ethz.ch) has undertaken various studies that addressed policy makers and firms in the power sector. The student will be an integral part of the research team and will be supervised by one PhD student and a post-doctoral researcher.

Successful delivery of the master thesis.

Are you interested? Please send your CV, a short letter of motivation (max. one page) and transcripts of previously obtained degrees (with grades) to Simon Sinsel (ssinsel@ethz.ch). Applications from non-ETH students are welcome. The approximate duration of the thesis will be six months and shall start in Summer/Fall 2017.